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Innovations in the production of pasta and cereal products

2026-04-22T07:54:31Z

Назва: Innovations in the production of pasta and cereal products Автори: Петрова, Олена Іванівна; Petrova, Olena; Шевчук, Наталя Петрівна; Shevchuk, Natalya; Трибрат, Руслан Олександрович; Tribrat, Ruslan; Баркарь, Євген Володимирович; Barkar, Evgen; Болодурін, Володимир Вадимович; Bolodurin, Volodymyr Короткий огляд (реферат): Background. The growing demand for functional foods, together with the need to improve technological efficiency and competitiveness of cereal products, requires the development of innovative processing approaches. This study focused on improving pasta and cereal products through the use of functional ingredients (spirulina, isolated sunflower protein and inulin) combined with optimized extrusion, drying and cereal stabilization technologies based on Ukrainian raw materials. The research evaluated physicochemical, rheological, technological, microbiological and sensory properties to determine optimal processing conditions and product quality relationships. Results and conclusions. The incorporation of 2 % spirulina significantly altered color characteristics (ΔE > 10) and increased dough water absorption by 5.2 %, while the addition of 5 % sunflower protein increased dough viscosity by 18.3 % due to additional protein network formation. Inulin (3 %) enhanced water absorption by 7.5 % and contributed to smoother texture. A synergistic effect was identified for the spirulina-sunflower protein combination, increasing the elastic modulus (G′) by 25 % compared with the control. Extrusion temperature showed a strong negative correlation with product strength: increasing temperature from 45 °C to 60 °C reduced bending resistance from 32.5 to 27.8 N. Optimal extrusion parameters were established at 50 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 5 bar and 20 rpm. Three-phase drying (70 → 55 → 40 °C) ensured uniform moisture content (12.5 %) and preserved thermolabile components (ΔE < 1.5). Infrared steaming of cereals reduced water activity to 0.62 ÷ 0.65, significantly improving storage stability. Consumer evaluation confirmed high acceptability, with 78 % willingness of respondents to purchase, and showed a strong correlation between the consistency and overall attractiveness of the product (r = 0.87).

Morphological changes in the extraorgan vascular bed of the pineal gland of rats under conditions of chronic stress

2026-04-22T07:55:34Z

Назва: Morphological changes in the extraorgan vascular bed of the pineal gland of rats under conditions of chronic stress Автори: Пшиченко, Вікторія Вікторівна; Pshychenko, Viktoriia; Черно, В. С.; Cherno, V.; Найдіч, Ольга Володимирівна; Naidich, Оlha; Бондар, Алла Олександрівна; Bondar, Alla; Юлевич, Олена Іванівна; Ulevich, Olena; Овчаренко, Г. В.; Ovcharenko, H. Короткий огляд (реферат): Modern Ukrainian society has been in conditions of active military operations for several years, which have caused disruption of sleep patterns, lack of proper rest, and a sense of security, which has led to a state of chronic stress. The main role in protecting the body from stress factors, regulating sleep, and implementing adaptive reactions belongs to the pineal gland and the hormone it synthesizes – melatonin. However, prolonged exposure to stress factors leads to disruption of the functional activity of the pineal gland, which manifests itself not only at the cellular level but also in the state of the vascular bed. The aim of the work was to study morphological changes in the state of the extraorgan vascular bed and rheological properties of the pineal gland blood under conditions of chronic stress. The study was conducted on 12 adult white male Wistar line rats, which were divided into control and experimental groups. Animals in the control group were kept under normal vivarium conditions without the influence of additional factors. Animals in the experimental group were subjected to chronic stress by forced swimming for 60 minutes a day for 10 days. To study the state of the vascular bed of the pineal gland, morphological, morphometric, and statistical research methods were used. During the study, morphological manifestations of extraorgan blood circulation disorders in the pineal gland were detected, manifested by changes in the rheological properties of the blood and the restructuring of the walls of venous and arterial blood vessels. It was established that violations of the rheological properties of blood in venous vessels were manifested by blood separation, aggregation and lysis of erythrocytes and stasis, and in arterial vessels – by the practically absence of erythrocytes in the lumen of the vessels. Morphological changes in the state of the vascular wall in the veins were manifested by endothelial cell hypertrophy, stretching and thinning of the vascular wall, and its ruptures. In arterial type vessels, hypertrophy and edema of endothelial cells and spasm of muscle cell membranes were detected. Thus, the detected morphological changes indicate impaired blood circulation and slowing of blood flow, which leads to hypoxia of the pineal gland parenchyma.; -; Сучасне українське суспільство вже декілька років перебуває в умовах активних військових дій, які стали причиною порушення режиму сну, відсутності повноцінного відпочинку та почуття безпеки, що спричинило стан хронічного стресу. Головна роль у захисті організму від стресових факторів, регуляції сну та здійсненні адаптаційних реакцій належить шишкоподібній залозі та гормону, який вона синтезує – мелатоніну. Однак, тривалий вплив стресових факторів призводить до порушення функціональної активності шишкоподібної залози, що проявляється не тільки на клітинному рівні, а і на стані судинного русла. Метою роботи було вивчення морфологічних змін стану екстраорганного судинного русла та реологічних властивостей крові шишкоподібної залози за умов хронічного стресу. Дослідження проводилося на 12 дорослих білих щурах-самцях лінії Вістар, які були розподілені на контрольну і дослідну групи. Тварини контрольної групи перебували за звичайних умов віварію без впливу додаткових факторів. Тваринам дослідної групи моделювали хронічний стрес шляхом примусового плавання по 60 хвилин на добу впродовж 10 діб. Для дослідження стану судинного русла шишкоподібної залози використовували морфологічні, морфометричні та статистичні методи дослідження. В ході проведення дослідження були виявлені морфологічні прояви порушення екстраорганного кровообігу у шишкоподібній залозі, що виявлялися змінами реологічних властивостей крові та перебудовою стінок кровоносних судин венозного і артеріального типу. Встановлено, що порушення реологічних властивостей крові у судинах венозного типу проявлялися сепарацією крові, агрегацією і лізисом еритроцитів та стазом, а у судинах артеріального типу – практичною відсутністю еритроцитів у просвітах судин. Морфологічні зміни стану судинної стінки у венах проявлялися гіпертрофією ендотеліоцитів, розтягуванням і потоншенням судинної стінки та її розривами. У судинах артеріального типу виявлена гіпертрофія і набряк клітин ендотелію та спазм клітин м'язової оболонки. Таким чином, виявлені морфологічні зміни свідчать про порушення циркуляції крові та уповільнення кровотоку, що призводить до гіпоксії паренхіми шишкоподібної залози.

Analysis of the calving-to-conception interval variation and it relation to milk production traits of dairy cows

2026-04-22T08:15:00Z

Назва: Analysis of the calving-to-conception interval variation and it relation to milk production traits of dairy cows Автори: Крамаренко, Олександр Сергійович; Kramarenko, Alexander; Крамаренко, Сергій Сергійович; Kramarenko Sergej Короткий огляд (реферат): Intensive selection for milk production has resulted in unfavorable genetic correlations with fertility, contributing to longer calving intervals, increased insemination rates, higher culling levels, and rising costs of reproductive management. This study e x amined the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the calving-to-conception interval and its relationship with milk produ c tivity traits in Holstein cows. The analysis was based on data from cows that calved at PJSC ‘Plemzavod Stepnoy’ in Zaporizhzhia region , Ukraine , between 2014 and 2017. For each animal, 305-d milk yield, milk fat percentage, and the calving-to-conception interval were recorded and analyzed using the General Linear Model. The results showed that parity, year and season of calving significantly influenced the calving-to-conception interval, whereas the effect of sire was not significant. Younger cows generally conceived sooner after calving than older cows. Over the study period, there was a clear tendency toward shorter calving-to-conception intervals, suggesting improvement in reproductive performance. Cows calving in summer and autumn also had shorter intervals than those calving in winter or spring. The joint analysis of parity and the calving-to-conception interval indicated that reproductive efficiency was closely related to milk yield and composition. Cows with moderate calving-to-conception intervals (91–120 d) produced more milk of slightly higher quality than those with shorter or longer intervals. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of managing reproductive cycles to optimize both fertility and milk productivity in Holstein herds under the produ c tion conditions of southern Ukraine.

Environmental enrichment strategies for growing pigs: Effects on welfare indicators and stress-related responses

2026-04-22T08:19:06Z

Назва: Environmental enrichment strategies for growing pigs: Effects on welfare indicators and stress-related responses Автори: Лихач, Анна Василівна; Likhach, Anna; Chentsov, M.; Лихач, Вадим Ярославович; Likhach, Vadym; Lenkov, L.; Faustov, R.; Баркарь, Євген Володимирович; Barkar, Evgen; Izhboldina, O.; Mylostyvyi, R. Короткий огляд (реферат): This study investigated the impact of different environmental enrichment strategies on the welfare of growing pigs under industrial housing conditions. Four groups of piglets (n = 22 heads per group) were housed on fully slatted floors and provided with various enrichment objects: cotton rope, grain-filled plastic bottles and wrapping paper balls, whereas the control group had none. Welfare parameters, including lameness; injuries to the body, ears, carpal joints and tails; and tear staining intensity, which is a biomarker of stress, were assessed weekly via modified Pig Welfare Quality Assessment protocols. Statistical analyses were performed via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman rank variance test. The absence of enrichment resulted in a significant increase in the incidence of lameness, carpal joint lesions and body-side injuries (P < 0.05). Compared with the enriched piglets, the control piglets also presented markedly greater rates of ear and tail biting. Among the enrichment types, grain-filled bottles provided the most stable welfare outcomes, maintaining low levels of both physical injuries and tear staining intensity. In contrast, pigs exposed to transient or less interactive enrichment presented higher emotional stress indicators. Overall, the results confirmed that the type and functionality of enriched objects play a decisive role in mitigating harmful oral manipulations, improving locomotor health and reducing chronic stress. Tear staining intensity has proven to be a reliable noninvasive parameter of welfare and is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Implementing diversified enrichment strategies alongside regular welfare monitoring can serve as an effective tool for increasing pig welfare and production efficiency in intensive farming systems.