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Analysis of the calving-to-conception interval variation and it relation to milk production traits of dairy cows

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Analysis of the calving-to-conception interval variation and it relation to milk production traits of dairy cows Автори: Крамаренко, Олександр Сергійович; Kramarenko, Alexander; Крамаренко, Сергій Сергійович; Kramarenko Sergej Короткий огляд (реферат): Intensive selection for milk production has resulted in unfavorable genetic correlations with fertility, contributing to longer calving intervals, increased insemination rates, higher culling levels, and rising costs of reproductive management. This study e x amined the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the calving-to-conception interval and its relationship with milk produ c tivity traits in Holstein cows. The analysis was based on data from cows that calved at PJSC ‘Plemzavod Stepnoy’ in Zaporizhzhia region , Ukraine , between 2014 and 2017. For each animal, 305-d milk yield, milk fat percentage, and the calving-to-conception interval were recorded and analyzed using the General Linear Model. The results showed that parity, year and season of calving significantly influenced the calving-to-conception interval, whereas the effect of sire was not significant. Younger cows generally conceived sooner after calving than older cows. Over the study period, there was a clear tendency toward shorter calving-to-conception intervals, suggesting improvement in reproductive performance. Cows calving in summer and autumn also had shorter intervals than those calving in winter or spring. The joint analysis of parity and the calving-to-conception interval indicated that reproductive efficiency was closely related to milk yield and composition. Cows with moderate calving-to-conception intervals (91–120 d) produced more milk of slightly higher quality than those with shorter or longer intervals. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of managing reproductive cycles to optimize both fertility and milk productivity in Holstein herds under the produ c tion conditions of southern Ukraine.

Expansion of Aegilops cylindrica (Poaceae) in agrocenoses of cereals: threats to food security

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Expansion of Aegilops cylindrica (Poaceae) in agrocenoses of cereals: threats to food security Автори: Колояніді, Надія Олександрівна; Koloyanidi, Nadiia; Рурик, Володимир Васильович; Ruryk, Volodymyr; Рибалка, О. І.; Rybalka, O.; Швартау, В. В.; Schwartau, V. Короткий огляд (реферат): Подано стислий огляд сучасного стану проблеми експансії Aegilops cylindrica в агроценозах зернових культур, переважно пшениці, в Україні та світі. На основі аналізу наявних свідчень і літературних даних, а також власних спостережень показано, що ці процеси, через низку чинників, становлять реальну загрозу продовольчій безпеці. Оскільки представники роду Aegilops досить близько споріднені з родом Triticum (були донором одного з субгеномів гексаплоїдної пшениці), це обумовлює їхню високу подібність, зокрема Aegilops cylindrica та Triticum aestivum характеризуються близькими екологічними параметрами та фізіологічними реакціями. Можливий обмін генетичним матеріалом між двома видами може призвести як до генетичної ерозії сортів пшениці, так і до появи стійких до гербіцидів генетичних ліній A. cylindrica (наявні дані поки є суперечливими). При вирішенні цього питання слід використовувати інтегральний підхід, ураховуючи дані щодо екології, фітоценології, фізіології та біохімії, філогенетики і генетики, а також практичної селекції та аграрного менеджменту.; -; A brief overview of the current state of expansion of Aegilops cylindrica in agrocenoses of grain crops (especially wheat) in Ukraine and the world is presented. Based on our analysis of available evidence and literature data, as well as our own observations in Ukraine, it is shown that these processes pose a real threat to food security, which is facilitated by several factors. Since representatives of the genus Aegilops are quite closely related to the genus Triticum (they belong to the same tribe, Triticeae, and were the donor of one of the subgenomes of hexaploid wheat), this causes a rather high similarity of plants of these genera, in particular Aegilops cylindrica and Triticum aestivum, in their ecological parameters and requirements, physiological processes and reactions, which significantly complicates weed control. Possible exchange of genetic material between the two species could lead to genetic erosion of wheat cultivars and the emergence of herbicide-resistant genetic lines of weeds, although the available evidence for this remains quite contradictory. The search for solutions of the problem should be based on an integrated approach considering and combining data, methods, and approaches from ecology, phytocoenology and phytosociology, physiology, and biochemistry, phylogenetics and genetics, as well as applied plant breeding and agricultural management.

Spring barley grain yield when grown in the conditions of southern Ukraine with elements of biologization and preservation of soil fertility

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Spring barley grain yield when grown in the conditions of southern Ukraine with elements of biologization and preservation of soil fertility Автори: Бакланова, Тетяна Вікторівна; Baklanova, Tetiana; Гамаюнова, Валентина Василівна; Gamayunova, Valentina; Хоненко, Любов Григорівна; Honenko, Lubov Короткий огляд (реферат): The study aimed to assess the effects of varietal characteristics, nutrition optimization, and pre-sowing seed treatment on the productivity of spring barley under conditions of climatic variability in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, based on the implementation of biologized elements of cultivation technology. The research was conducted from 2021 to 2024 in a three-factor field experiment on southern chernozem soil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The effects of two spring barley cultivars (Avatar and Hermes), three nutrition backgrounds (no fertilization, N30P30K30; and N30P30K30combined with winter wheat straw, white mustard as a green manure crop, the residue biodecomposer Ecostern, and additional nitrogen N10), and two variants of pre-sowing seed treatment (water and the biopreparation BTU-R) were studied. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The highest grain yield of spring barley was obtained under the biologized fertilization system. Compared with the control, yield increases amounted to 1.32 t/ha (41.9%) for the cultivar Avatar and 1.36 t/ha (40.7%) for the cultivar Hermes. Presowing seed treatment with BTU-R increased yield by 0.42 t/ha (12.4%) on the unfertilized background and by up to 5.9% under mineral fertilization. The average grain yield over four years was 4.25 t/ha for Avatar and 4.13 t/ha for Hermes. The results were obtained under the soil and climatic conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, and the effectiveness of the technological elements largely depended on annual moisture conditions. The proposed fertilization system can be applied in agricultural practice to increase crop yields and maintain soil fertility in arid regions. The study provides a comprehensive justification for the combined use of organo-biological and mineral nutrition elements as an effective adaptive strategy for spring barley cultivation under current climate change conditions.

Environmental enrichment strategies for growing pigs: Effects on welfare indicators and stress-related responses

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Environmental enrichment strategies for growing pigs: Effects on welfare indicators and stress-related responses Автори: Лихач, Анна Василівна; Likhach, Anna; Chentsov, M.; Лихач, Вадим Ярославович; Likhach, Vadym; Lenkov, L.; Faustov, R.; Баркарь, Євген Володимирович; Barkar, Evgen; Izhboldina, O.; Mylostyvyi, R. Короткий огляд (реферат): This study investigated the impact of different environmental enrichment strategies on the welfare of growing pigs under industrial housing conditions. Four groups of piglets (n = 22 heads per group) were housed on fully slatted floors and provided with various enrichment objects: cotton rope, grain-filled plastic bottles and wrapping paper balls, whereas the control group had none. Welfare parameters, including lameness; injuries to the body, ears, carpal joints and tails; and tear staining intensity, which is a biomarker of stress, were assessed weekly via modified Pig Welfare Quality Assessment protocols. Statistical analyses were performed via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman rank variance test. The absence of enrichment resulted in a significant increase in the incidence of lameness, carpal joint lesions and body-side injuries (P < 0.05). Compared with the enriched piglets, the control piglets also presented markedly greater rates of ear and tail biting. Among the enrichment types, grain-filled bottles provided the most stable welfare outcomes, maintaining low levels of both physical injuries and tear staining intensity. In contrast, pigs exposed to transient or less interactive enrichment presented higher emotional stress indicators. Overall, the results confirmed that the type and functionality of enriched objects play a decisive role in mitigating harmful oral manipulations, improving locomotor health and reducing chronic stress. Tear staining intensity has proven to be a reliable noninvasive parameter of welfare and is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Implementing diversified enrichment strategies alongside regular welfare monitoring can serve as an effective tool for increasing pig welfare and production efficiency in intensive farming systems.