https://dspace.mnau.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/24812 2026-10-20T15:27:31Z https://dspace.mnau.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/26974 Назва: Influences of Genetic, Feed, and Technological Factors on the Productivity and Reproductive Capacity in Farm Animals Автори: Луговий, Сергій Іванович; Lugovoy, Sergey; Підпала, Тетяна Василівна; Podpalaya, Tatiana; Данильчук, Галина Анатоліївна; Danylchuk, Galina; Онищенко, Людмила Володимирівна; Onishenko, Ludmila Короткий огляд (реферат): Productive and reproductive performance in farm animals is shaped by the combined effects of genetic potential, nutritional conditions, and technological management, although the relative importance of these factors differs among species. The present study aimed to identify the main genetic, nutritional, and technological factors influencing the productive and reproductive performance of farm animals and to assess their relative contributions and interactions. A 12-month controlled comparative study included 480 clinically healthy animals, including 120 cattle, 160 pigs, and 200 laying hens of the selected breeds. Within each species and breed, eligible animals were grouped according to age, sex, physiological status, and body condition score. Animals with similar values for these variables were then matched and non-randomly allocated to control and experimental groups to minimize pre-intervention differences between the groups. In cattle, the assessed parameters included milk yield, milk fat and protein content, liveweight gain, pregnancy rate after first insemination, calf birth weight, and calf survival to weaning. In pigs, average daily gain, slaughter yield, intramuscular fat content, litter size, piglet birth weight, and pre-weaning survival were evaluated. In laying hens, egg production, egg weight, the proportion of eggs with shell or shape defects, hatchability, and chick survival were assessed. Measurements were obtained from July 2024 to June 2025 from production records, electronic weighing, infrared milk analysis, ultrasonography, Soxhlet extraction, and automated egg analysis. In cattle, genetic factors, particularly breed and breeding improvement, had the greatest influence in increasing milk yield by 5.8-9.3% and milk protein content by 0.08-0.12 percentage points. In pigs, nutritional factors made the greatest contribution, including optimization of the dietary protein-to-energy ratio, which increased average daily gain by 7.0%, litter size by 4.5%, and intramuscular fat content by 16.7%. In laying hens, combined nutritional and genetic factors increased egg production by 3.9-6.0% and reduced the proportion of non-standard eggs by 31.1%. Technological optimization of microclimate, stocking density, reproductive management, and stress reduction stabilized performance and increased piglet survival by 1.5-2.8%. The findings support species-specific integration of breeding, nutritional, and management strategies. © The Author(s) 2026. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.mnau.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/26798 Назва: Comprehensive evaluation of technological parameters for moringa powder reconstitution in the production of instant functional beverages Автори: Bolhova, Nataliia; Karachov, Vadym; Ivchenko, Viktoriia; Yudina, Tetyana; Gnitsevych, Victoriya; Підпала, Тетяна Василівна; Podpalaya, Tatiana; Nazarenko, Marina Короткий огляд (реферат): The object of research is the recovery of moringa powder in the production of instant functional drinks. Despite the existence of researches on the use of moringa powder in functional products, the relationship between the structural and morphological characteristics of powder particles and the kinetics of its recovery requires in-depth research, which is important for substantiating the technological parameters of the production of instant functional drinks. The microstructure of moringa powder was studied using scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The powder had a pronounced polydispersity with a predominance of stable cell conglomerates of irregular shape with a size of 5 to 130 μm. The presence of a developed rough surface and regular porous channels (from 5 to 15 μm) provides an increase in the specific area of contact with the liquid. A high protein potential was revealed due to the significant N content (9170 mg/100 g). It was found that consuming 100 g of a drink based on moringa powder provides 17.9% of the daily requirement of K without the risk of excess salt intake (Na covers only 3.3–3.8% of the requirement). Moringa powder is an excellent source of Mg (970 mg/100 g). This confirms its functional ability to contribute to the normalization of the nervous system. In addition, the functional properties of moringa powder and its positive effect on energy metabolism are provided by the high content of P (1100 mg/100 g). Separately, a significant content of Cr (0.36 mg/100 g) was noted, which is an active regulator of carbohydrate metabolism and blood sugar levels. The relationship between the microstructure, mineral composition and hydration behavior of moringa powder has been proven, confirming its use as an ingredient in powdered functional food systems.; -; Об’єктом дослідження є відновлення порошку морінги у виробництві швидкорозчинних функціональних напоїв. Попри наявність досліджень використання порошку морінги у складі функціональних продуктів, потребує поглибленого дослідження взаємозв'язок між структурно-морфологічними характеристиками часток порошку та кінетикою його відновлення, що є важливим для обґрунтування технологічних параметрів виробництва швидкорозчинних функціональних напоїв. Мікроструктура порошку морінги досліджувалася за допомогою скануючої електронної мікроскопії, а елементний склад визначався за допомогою енергодисперсійної рентгенівської спектроскопії. Порошок мав виражену полідисперсність з домінуванням стабільних клітинних конгломератів неправильної форми розміром від 5 до 130 мкм. Наявність розвиненої шорсткої поверхні та регулярних пористих каналів (від 5 до 15 мкм) забезпечує збільшення питомої площі контакту з рідиною. Виявлено високий протеїновий потенціал за рахунок значного вмісту N (9170 мг/100 г). Встановлено, що споживання 100 г напою на основі порошку морінги забезпечує 17,9% добової потреби K без ризику надлишкового надходження солі (Na покриває лише 3,3–3,8% потреби). Порошок морінги є відмінним джерелом Mg (970 мг/100 г). Це підтверджує його функціональну здатність сприяти нормалізації роботи нервової системи. Крім того, функціональні властивості порошку морінги та його позитивний вплив на енергетичний обмін забезпечується високим вмістом Р (1100 мг/100 г). Окремо відзначено значний вміст Cr (0,36 мг/100 г), який є активним регулятором вуглеводного обміну та рівня цукру в крові. Доведено зв’язок між мікроструктурою, мінеральним складом і гідратаційною поведінкою порошку морінги, підтверджуючи його застосування як інгредієнта в порошкоподібних функціональних харчових системах. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.mnau.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/26794 Назва: Impact of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on reproductive and productive qualities of sows. Автори: Каратєєва, Олена Іванівна; Karateeva, Helena; Люта, Ірина Миколаївна; Lіuta, Iryna; Крамаренко, Олександр Сергійович; Kramarenko, Alexander; Крамаренко, Сергій Сергійович; Kramarenko, Sergej Короткий огляд (реферат): In modern livestock management, biotechnological products, including feed additives, are widely utilized to enhance productivity. One such agent is probiotics, which have been employed for a long time in both human food and livestock. Their effects are based on various biological mechanism–including the reduction of intestinal acidity, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, and stimulation of the immune response. Unlike antibiotics, which are prohibited in animal feed, probiotic supplements are regarded as safe alternatives for maintaining animal health and prophylaxis disease. In particular, in the diets of sows, probiotics contribute to the improvement of overall physiological condition and stimulate the development of beneficial intestinal microflora. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in studying effective probiotic bacteria and developing advanced biotechnological preparations. Among promising candidates are probiotics based on Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, which have been evaluated in various animal species for their potential beneficial effects on host physiology. The use of such probiotic feed additives has demonstrated favorable effects in sows across different ages and physiological stages. The administration of this probiotic for both young and adult animals during periods of preparation for fertilization, as well as before and after farrowing, positively affected their reproductive function. Improvements were observed in indicators such as sexual reflex expression, fertilization rates, litter size, and the number of live births. Additionally, significant enhancements in growth, weight gain, and the survival of piglets up to two months of age were recorded. The optimal doses of probiotic use were determined to be 1.0% of the daily ration for young sows and 1.5% for adults. Therefore, the results of this study substantiate the inclusion of a probiotic supplement combining these two bacteria in the diets of sows to enhance their productivity and the quality of their offspring. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.mnau.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/26792 Назва: Genetic and biochemical characteristics of sire bulls (Bos taurus) in reproductive biotechnologies Автори: Melnyk, Vododymyr; Гиль, Михайло Іванович; Gill, Mikhail; Тимофіїв, Михайло Михайлович; Tymofiiv, Mykhailo Короткий огляд (реферат): This study aims to investigate the relationship between polymorphic serum protein systems – transferrin (Tf), amylase (Am), and ceruloplasmin, (Cp)- and sperm production parameters, as well as fertilization rates, in Red Steppe and Angeln cattle. Electrophoresis was employed to determine protein phenotypes and calculate levels of heterozygosity. The relevance of this study is justified by the necessity of establishing immunogenetic markers to enhance selection efficiency. Analysis revealed breed-specific immunogenetic markers. Regarding the Transferrin (Tf) locus in Red Steppe bulls, the highest sperm production indicators were observed in homozygous individuals (TfAA, TfDD), whereas in the Angeln breed, superior sperm volume was noted in heterozygous individuals (TfAD). Cows inseminated with sperm from heterozygous pairs generally exhibited significantly higher fertility rates than those inseminated with sperm from homozygous pairs. The Amylase (Am) system confirmed the negative influence of the AmCC phenotype, which is associated with the lowest level of sperm production and fertility. In the Red Steppe breed, homozygous AmBB sire bulls possessed the highest reproductive qualities. The study of the Ceruloplasmin (Cp) system revealed that in the Red Steppe breed, heterozygotes (CpBC) demonstrated the highest fertility, despite the superior sperm productivity of homozygotes (CpAA). Conversely, in the Angeln breed, CpBB homozygotes prevailed in both indicators. These results suggest that the optimal level of heterozygosity may depend on breed-specific genetic backgrounds. Red steppe bulls that were homozygous or possessed a 25% heterozygosity level exhibited the highest sperm production and fertilization ability, whereas the optimal level of Angeln bulls was 50%. It is recommended that homozygosity levels of Tf, Am, and Cp be incorporated into selection indices when purchasing sire bulls to improve the reproductive qualities of the herd. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z