Урожайність та якість сортів пшениці озимої залежно від мінерального живлення

Abstract

У статті наведено результати досліджень урожайності та якості зерна сортів пшениці озимої залежно від мінерального живлення, зокрема за вмістом сирої клейковини та білка. || In recent years fertilizers using significantly declined and continues to decline, due to their cost and economic viability of farms. The issue of rules optimization of fertilizers norms and their effects on grain yield of winter wheat is actual nowadays. Nitrogen fertilizers in the Steppe zone of Ukraine is better to make once a vegetation period, because in this area the benefit of nitrogen is minimal. In dry years (especially in the first half of the growing season) the nitrogen making does not increase the yields of winter wheat. For low nitrogen nutrition the tillering intensity reduces; reduction of potentially productive shoots and ears increases; flowers fertility decreases; it is observed the forming of shrunken grain. All this factors lead to worse and lower yields. The aim of our researches was to optimize the level of mineral nutrition of winter wheat varieties by growing in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine. Accounting of harvest conducted by continuous manner with all accounting areas with the help of «Sampo-130» combine. Grain yield led to standard moisture. The scheme of the experiment included the following factors: background cord (A) – without fertilizers (control), N30, N60, N16P16K16, the estimated dose of fertilizer level on yield 3.0 t/ha; varieties of winter wheat (B) – Kolchuga 48 and Donetskaja 48. It is established that winter wheat varieties and background power is a powerful factor that enhance the yield. In average after years of researches of the highest grade level was formed by Kolchuga variety and the dose of fertilizer was 3,40 t/ha, which is 1,35 t/ha or 65,9 % more than control results