Інфраструктурне забезпечення розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності аграрних підприємств

Abstract

У дисертації наводиться авторське бачення поняття інфраструктурне забезпечення розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Визначено основні функції (брокерська; інформаційна; консультативна; девелоперська; промоутерська; контролююча; організаційна), суб’єкти (спеціалізовані недержавні установи, підприємства, міжнародні та державні інституції), складові (митне, маркетингове, інформаційно-аналітичне, кадрове, страхування, правове, банківське, транспортне, консалтингове) інфраструктурного забезпечення зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Обгрунтовано доцільність здійснення оцінки інфраструктурного забезпечення розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності на макро- і мезорівнях з використанням CCLIMSIBТ-аналізу, на макрорівні – PPSFIM-аналіз. У дисертаційному дослідженні наведено результати оцінки бізнес- середовища суб’єктів зовнішньоекономічної діяльності України, визначені особливості розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності аграрних підприємств, охарактеризована діяльність основних суб’єктів інфраструктурного забезпечення розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності суб’єктів господарювання Миколаївської області. Сформовано систему управління інфраструктурним забезпеченням ефективного розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності на макро- та мезорівнях, обґрунтовано доцільність використання електронних елементів удосконалення організації зовнішньоекономічної діяльності аграрних підприємств та взаємовідносин з основними суб’єктами її інфраструктурного забезпечення.

Author deals with the topical issue of formation of infrastructure providing of agricultural enterprises’ foreign economic activity development. After all, this issue largely determines the possibilities of Ukrainian economic entities to integrate into the world economy as well as the attractiveness of the country to cooperate with foreign partners. The thesis provides the author's vision of providing infrastructural concept of foreign economic activity development. According to the author, it is a set of economic operators that have a direct and indirect impact on the development of foreign economic activity, as well as provide commodity promotion process from the buyer to the seller on the international market. The basic functions of providing infrastructure of foreign economic activity (brokerage, informational, consulting, developing, promotional, controlling, organizational) are defined. The study identified the main subjects of infrastructural providing of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises (specialized private enterprises, individual enterprise infrastructure, international, regional institutions, state institutions). The author studied the main components of the infrastructure provision of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises (customs, marketing, information and analysis, human resources, insurance, legal issues, banking, transport, consulting). The expediency of the evaluation of infrastructure to ensure the development of foreign economic activity at the macro, regional and micro levels was grounded. To assess the infrastructure provision of foreign economic activity at the macro- and regional level was developed CCLIMSIBT analysis. As for the micro-level, we consider using of the PPSFIM-analysis as appropriate. The methods are based on the expert value and ultimately have a quantitative impact assessment, taking into account not only the impact of individual factors on the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, but also the relationship between factors. Also they determine its priority. The thesis shows results of evaluation of the business environment of Ukrainian foreign economic activity, and in particular, peculiarities of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises; describes the activities of basic subjects of infrastructure providing of development of the foreign economic activity of Mykolayiv region agricultural enterprises. In order to improve management infrastructure providing the effective development of foreign economic activity of Mykolayiv region, expediency of creating a single regional center for coordination of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises was grounded. Due to the Center operations, agricultural producers will receive significant savings in time and financial resources for information and marketing activities, logistical support, the ability to orient production strategically properly and timely to the needs of foreign markets. The feasibility of foreign economic activity monitoring, whose purpose is to systematize foreign economic activity of the region and its analysis in order to determine the current and future trends of this area, was emphasized. It was established that the primary role in coordinating and monitoring should carry out the Department of the Economic Development and Regional Policy of the Mykolayiv Regional State Administration. Besides it, also should be involved the following agencies: Mykolayiv Customs of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine; Department of Agricultural Development of Mykolayiv Regional Administration; Office of Statistics of Mykolayiv region; Mykolayiv Regional Chamber of Commerce; Regional Fund for Entrepreneurship in Mykolayiv region; Mykolayiv National Agricultural University; Mykolayiv region Agricultural Producers Association. To determine the effectiveness of e-commerce in agriculture only for promotional purposes was developed exclusive business model, i.e. electronic pages, for implementation of LLC “S-Rostok”, situated in the Mykolayiv region. The role of electronic chamber of commerce in the development of foreign trade was defined. The algorithm of interaction of agricultural enterprises with eChamber of Commerce was developed. Was grounded the necessity of using for agricultural enterprises – foreign economic operators (LLC "S-Rostok", Mykolayiv region) in the area of infrastructure provision of foreign economic activity the followings: e-commerce in foreign economic activity; software package "ZED" (by “STM” company); software "Contract Management" (Cyscom company, UK); AUMA Database; Due Diligence procedure (makes it possible to form an objective view of the new contractor). In order to promote foreign economic activity of LLC "S-Rostok", we suggested: use EXW condition (imposes minimum obligations on the seller and the buyer has to bear all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller enterprise to the destination point); documentary credits to reduce the risk of nonpayment (exporter) and the claimed discrepancy of the delivered goods (the importer). It is a classic form of payment in international business, based on a commitment of the issuing bank to make payment when bringing it appropriate documents that meet the letter of credit; logistics approach that will get pretty strong positive effects, including increased mass of profits of agricultural enterprises by reducing in-house cost of meeting logistics activities, improve the conditions of storage, improve performance of the transport process, provide flexibility and speed product delivery to customer, reduce production costs, etc.