Роль ресурсосберегающих элементов технологии в увеличении зернопроизводства в условиях южной степи Украины

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on winter crops, namely on wheat (five varieties), barley, triticale and rye (two varieties), which were cultivated after: 1. black fallow 2. corn for silage and 3. winter wheat as a stubble preceding crop, with and without use of fertilizers. It was established that the highest grain yield was obtained when winter cereal crops are sown on fallow land. With the application of mineral fertilizers crop productivity significantly increases, especially after non-fallow – maize and winter wheat. In connection with the reduction of organic and mineral fertilizers used in recent years and with the upsetting of crop sequences we are developing new approaches to optimize plant nutrition. They are based on the use of modern biological growth-regulating substances for presowing seed treatment and plant treatment in the main vegetation periods. These preparations were investigated on a number of spring and winter cereals (wheat, barley, triticale, etc.). Their use contributes to a significant increase in grain yield, to the improvement of its quality, and allowes to significantly increase the efficiency of the use of moisture reserves, which is very important for the arid conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.