Підвищення ефективності промислового виробництва свинини на основі використання етологічних факторів

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора сільськогосподарських наук за спеціальністю 06.02.04 – технологія виробництва продуктів тваринництва. – Миколаївський національний аграрний університет Міністерства освіти і науки України. – Миколаїв, 2018. Дисертаційна робота присвячена підвищенню ефективності промислового виробництва свинини на основі використання етологічних факторів з метою удосконалення технологічних прийомів у контексті корекції різних видів біологічної поведінки, раціоналізації годівлі та покращення конструктивного обладнання при утриманні свиней різних технологічних груп. Експериментально обґрунтовано вплив зв’язку різних форм поведінки на продуктивні ознаки технологічних груп свиней. Удосконалено і доведено позитивний вплив використання станку для вільного утримання підсисних свиноматок для задоволення їх етологічних потреб. Розроблено і апробовано годівниці для поросят-сисунів й молодняку на дорощуванні з метою забезпечення комфортних умов для реалізації їх кормової та ігрової поведінки. Запропоновано спосіб вирощування, підвищення продуктивності і збереження відлучених поросят задля створення умов щодо активізації їх кормової активності, збільшення середньодобових приростів та профілактики коліентеротоксемії. Для підвищення природної резистентності свиней під час дії технологічних стресових факторів та збільшення ефективності виробництва свинини в умовах промислових комплексів доведено доцільність використання стрес-коректора «ПРО-МАК» і кормової добавки «Перфектин». Вперше розроблено нову технологічну програму підвищення ефективності промислового виробництва свинини з використанням етологічних факторів.

Thesis for the Doctor’s of Agriculture degree in specialty 06.02.04 - technology of livestock products manufacturing. – Mykolaiv National Agrarian University of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. – Mykolayiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to increasing the efficiency of industrial production of pork based on the use of ethological factors in order to improve the technological methods in the context of correcting various types of biological behavior, rationalizing feeding and improving the construction equipment while maintenance of pigs of different technological groups. The obtained research results allow introducing the use of ethological factors in order to increase the productivity of various technological groups of pigs under the conditions of industrial production of pig products. It was revealed that the optimal time for motor activity of boars of different breeds at the age of 12 months is 406.1 minutes. As the subsequent increase in the duration of boar movement by 30 min. reduces the concentration of their spermatozoa by almost 10 million / ml. It has been established that with an increase in the length of time that was spent on the movement of single sows of different breeds in the phase of proestrus for 30 minutes, one can expect an increase in their fertilization by 3.1%. It has been proved that sows of different breeds during gestation should be maintenance exclusively by an individual method with minimal motor activity, since this content excludes the appearance of collisions and fights for the establishment of the hierarchy and promotes enlargement newborn piglets by 0.67 head (F(1; 72) = 21.72, p<0.001), weight on birth by 0.07 kg (F (1; 72) = 20.63, p <0.001), the number of piglets after weaning in 28 days by 0.90 head (F (1; 72) = 24,30, p <0,001) and the of preservation of piglets to weaning by 2.33% (F (1; 72) = 4.53, p<0.037). The use of the «PRO-MAK» stress-corrector during the gestation of sows is suggested, due to which the total number of piglets is increased by 0.81 head at birth (р<0.05), enlargement newborn piglets by 1.06 head (р<0.01) and significantly reduced the proportion of stillborn pigs by 2.55% (р<0.05), as well as reducing the cost of a newborn piglet at 11.00 UAH. The improved machine for the free keeping of lactating sows (patent №124859, 25.04.2018), in which, due to the existence of free space for movement, the time for rest sows was reduced by 498 minutes (F (2; 93) = 303.39, p<0.001), but increased by 380 minutes. on movement (F (2; 93) = 518.33, p <0.001), which subsequently positively affected their reproductive traits, in particular, an increase in the number and live weight of piglets at weaning at the age of 28 days by 0.3 head and 0.75 kg respectively, keeping the pigs before weaning – by 2.34%. The use of an improved machine for lactating sows in the farrowing box is economically more feasible, since the net profit and the level of profitability per nest are higher than the analogs at 636.00 UAH and 5.93%, respectively. For the piglets during the lactation period and the first stage of growing, a selffeeder (patent № 118470, 10.08.2017) has been developed which most fully meets the ethological needs of pigs and provides comfortable conditions for the realization of their feeding behavior, and also contributes to obtaining large live weight measures at the age of 35 days in 10.8-17.2% and the highest by 16.7-26.2% of the average daily growth. In general, for the period of growing, it is possible to get 124.9 thsd UAH of net profit, while the profitability level is 54.68%. The proposed method for increasing productivity and saving weaned piglets (patent № 117639, 26.06.2017) is the optimal and cheap method for preventing pigeon swine fever, contributes to the increase in the average daily growth in piglets by 404.2 g, increases safety to 98.8%, and increases the amount approaches to the feeder up to 16 times. The developed method for growing weaned pigs (patent № 118222, 25.07.2017) creates comfortable conditions for the realization of fodder behavior of pigs and raises daily average live weight increases by 7.8% over the entire period of growing. It was proved that the young animals that consumed mixed feed during the period of growing from the improved feeder (patent № 100451, 27.07.2015) had high live weight indices by 4.7-7.4%, average daily growth rates by 6.4-10.3% and less feed conversion - by 5.4-10.5%, and therefore there were better conditions for revealing fodder and game activity of pigs on growing. It has been proved that the use of «toys» for piglets on growing has contributed to the distraction of piglets to another object, and, thus, creating ethological conditions for them, which led to a decrease in aggressiveness of 40.6% and a decrease in cannibalism by 27.3%. With the use of toy devices for piglets, they received more net profit by 8.27 thsd UAH higher than the young pigs' control group, while the profitability level was 53.85%. It was established that the replace of pig a high social rank, the index of assessment of breeding value is significantly higher and varies in the section of rocks within the range of 27.06-34.54 (р˂0.001).