Conditions and prospects of growing grain and legume

Abstract

Grain farming is a special branch of the agro-industrial complex that determines the level of development of the entire agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy in modern conditions. Among the basic agricultural products that guarantee the country's food security, grain occupies a special place. This is due to its extremely important importance directly for the production of high-calorie food products. In addition, cereals and legumes are highly nutritious food for farm animals. In the steppe zone, which occupies 40% of the territorial space of Ukraine and it has 32% of the working-age population of the state in rural areas, the region's farms have produced an average of 42.4% of grain from its total gross harvest in recent years. The main revenue part in the grain group is formed by growing wheat (57.8%), barley (21.4%) and corn (15.4%), which in general is 94.7%. Among leguminous crops, the largest part in the structure of acreage is occupied by soybeans (18.2%) and peas (43.0%). In Ukraine, most of the grain and leguminous crops are located in regions with a lack of precipitation and high temperature conditions, which requires the development and introduction of new cultivation technologies with the renewal of varietal and hybrid composition, as well as rational use of irrigation. No less important in the formation of productivity of grain and leguminous crops is the optimal combination of intensive agricultural technologies with resource-saving biologized measures, in particular the use of new modern growth-regulating drugs and microfertilizers, reducing the application of doses of mineral fertilizers for combining them with effective biologics. So, for example, on average over the years of research, the use of resource–saving technologies for growing winter wheat and spring barley provided an increase in grain yield by 35.7 up to 55.0% and 19.1 up to 28.7%, respectively, depending on the experiment variant. At the same time, the highest yield was provided by the use of Escort-Bio and Organic D2 preparations