Dynamics of nutrients in the soil and spring barley yield depending on the rates of mineral fertilizers

Abstract

The study aim was to evaluate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium efficiency from different mineral fertilizers applied to soil at the spring barley cultivation. The impact of fertilization systems with different doses and ratios of nutrients (P45K30, N45; N23P23K15; N45P45K30; N68P68K45) on the spring barley yield from 3-years of experiments in the Poltava (Ukraine) was analyzed. The study of doses and forms of mineral fertilizers influence on the main elements content of plant nutrition at all stages of spring barley organogenesis was carried out in the soil layer of 0–20 cm and at a depth of 20–40 cm. It was found the application of fertilizers with increased nutrients content at sowing provide an increase in their content in the soil compared to the control. The highest effect was observed when the fertilizers at a dose of N68P68K45 was used. An increase in nitrogen content in the first stage of organogenesis (ВВСН 01–02) in the soil layer of 0-20 cm was 17.6%, phosphorus 35.4%, potassium 19.8% compared to control. In the deeper layer of soil 20–40 cm, the content of these elements was much lower. A significant decrease of nutrients content in the soil was observed between stages III–XII of organogenesis, but no external signs of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency were detected in spring barley plants. The application of N68P68K45 kg ha-1 of active substance and full protection crops from pests, diseases and weeds resulted in the highest grain yield of spring barley 5.27 t ha-1