Influence of Eco-Safe Growth-Regulating Substances on the Phytosanitary State of Agrocenoses of Wheat Varieties of Various Types of Development in Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone

Abstract

The article is devoted to establishing the influence of multifunctional environmentally friendly growth-regulating preparations on the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses of various types of wheat varieties and their productivity under non-irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Field studies were conducted over 2016–2020 in two agroclimatic points of the steppe zone: such as in the experimental field of the Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University (GPS: 46.743447, 32.481064 Kherson, Ukraine – point 1) and the land use of the farm “Svetlana” (GPS: 47.635522, 32.099772 Vossiyatskoye Village, Mykolaiv region, Ukraine-point 2) under non-irrigated conditions. The implementation of the scientific research program was carried out by laying three – factor experiments in these agroecological points, where Factor A was the varieties of winter wheat – Khersonska 99, Kirena, Askaniyska, Mudrist, Clarissa, Khutoryanka; variants of Factor B: growth-regulating preparations – VuksalMicroplant, Helafit Combi, Phytomare, without cultivation (control); variants of factor C: terms of sowing winter wheat – 10.09, 20.09, 30.09 and 10.10. Studies established that the use of multifunctional growth-regulating preparations helped to reduce the level of plant damage by pathogenic microflora at all sowing periods and varieties of winter wheat. Phytomare and Helafit Combi were the most effective in this respect, under various growing conditions. In most cases, they reduced the degree of damage to winter wheat plants by pathogenic microflora by 40–50% or more. All applied growth regulators increased the mass of grain from the ear and the mass of 1000 grains at different sowing times. It was found that for five years of field research, the greatest increase in yield under different research conditions and different varieties was shown by the Helafit Combi preparation. When it was applied in the experimental field of the Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, the yield was additionally formed from 0.22 up to 0.5 t/ha, in the field of FG “Svetlana”, respectively, it was formed 0.14 up to 0.36 t/ha.