Економічна, продовольча та екологічна безпека в умовах післявоєнної відбудови: світовий досвід

Abstract

У статті розглядаються критичні аспекти відновлювального процесу після війни. У ній автори з’ясовують, як міжнародний досвід може бути застосований в Україні. Досліджують конкретні випадки післявоєнного відновлення у Південній Кореї, Боснії і Герцеговині, Хорватії, і аналізують, як їх результати можуть бути використані для забезпечення стабільного і продуктивного відновлення в Україні. Обґрунтовується, що аналіз успіхів та невдач інших націй може допомогти у створенні ефективних стратегій відновлення та розвитку. Доведено, що необхідною умовою розвитку країни є забезпечення безпеки та оборони, однак науковці також звертають увагу на інші складові, не менш важливі для національної стійкості. Одним із ключових чинників є економічна безпека. Розгляд реструктуризації державного боргу, відродження виробничої бази та створення стабільних економічних зв’язків з партнерами з-за кордону є ключовим для досягнення успіху у післявоєнній відбудові. Враховуючи аграрний потенціал України, продовольча безпека є також вкрай важливою як для країни, так і для її міжнародних партнерів. При оцінці аграрного потенціалу та участі на міжнародних продовольчих ринках, необхідно враховувати глобальні принципи післявоєнного збалансування цього ринку. Обґрунтовано, що впровадження кращих світових практик у галузі сільського господарства, логістики та постачання населення продуктами харчування є вирішальним елементом післявоєнної відбудови. Доведено, що одним із викликів сучасного світу є екологічна безпека, особливо в умовах, коли збройний конфлікт завдає екоциду. Використання відновлюваних джерел енергії, збалансоване природокористування та політика зменшення шкідливих викидів стають важливими стратегіями відбудови. Щоб забезпечити успішну відбудову після війни та гарантування економічної, продовольчої та екологічної безпеки, важливо вивчати кращий світовий досвід і адаптувати його до місцевих умов. Обґрунтовано, що ураховуючи специфічність постконфліктового відновлення України, важливо брати до уваги інтеграцію країни до Європейського Союзу як стратегічну складову цього процесу.

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Introduction. In a world that is becoming increasingly fragmented due to globalization, Russian aggression against Ukraine has taken on a hybrid form, which is reflected not only at the military level, but also in the economic, cultural, media, and other spheres. In addition to minor military successes, Russia is trying to destabilize Ukrainian economy, infrastructure, and ecological balance. In this context, focusing on Ukraine’s economic, food, and environmental security becomes an important priority in the transition to the post-war reconstruction phase.

According to estimates by the World Bank and the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, the resources needed for post-war reconstruction amount to at least $411 billion. Priority areas for reconstruction include critical infrastructure, the housing sector, key social and transportation facilities, industry, agriculture, IT, and other sectors.

The Ukrainian government and experts in various fields are actively studying and adapting best practices of post-war reconstruction from other countries. Questions remain open as to which strategies and techniques will prove most effective in the Ukrainian context, and what changes should be made to its recovery strategy.

The analysis of the post-war reconstruction experiences from the mid-1900s can undoubtedly provide valuable lessons. However, it’s important to take an innovative approach to defining priorities and recovery tools, relying on domestic resources, willingness to change, and support from international partners. Therefore, focusing on ensuring Ukraine’s economic, food and environmental security during post-war recovery and on its further integration into the European space is a key element in this process.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive examination of economic, food, and environmental security in the context of post-war reconstruction, while considering the global experiences. Based on an academic discourse, it includes extensive and empirical examinations of various facets associated with economic, food, and ecological security, particularly during post-war reconstruction periods.

Results. The article examines critical aspects of the post-war reconstruction process. The authors explore how global experiences that have an impact on recovery processes can be applied to the situation in Ukraine. Specific cases of recovery in South Korea, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia are examined, and an analysis is made of how their outcomes can be utilized to ensure stable and productive recovery in Ukraine. It is argued that analyzing the successes and failures of other nations can help create effective recovery and development strategies. It has been proven that ensuring security and defense is a necessary condition for a country’s development, but scholars also pay attention to other components that are no less important for national resilience. One of the key factors is economic security. Considering the national debt restructuring, reviving the production base, and establishing stable economic relations with foreign partners are key to the success of post-war reconstruction. Given Ukraine’s agricultural potential, food security is extremely important for both for the country and for its international partners. When assessing agricultural potential and participation in international food markets, it is necessary to consider the global principles of post-war economic balance. It is argued that the implementation of the best global practices in agriculture, logistics, and food supply to the population is a crucial element of post-war reconstruction. It is evident that one of the challenges of the modern world is environmental security, especially when armed conflict inflicts ecocide on the territory. The use of renewable energy sources, sustainable use of natural resources, and policies to reduce harmful emissions are becoming important reconstruction strategies. In order to ensure successful post-war reconstruction and guarantee economic, food, and environmental security, it is important to study the best global experiences and adapt them to local conditions. It is argued that taking into account the specificity of Ukraine’s post-conflict recovery, it is important to consider the country’s integration into the European Union as a strategic component of this process.

Conclusions. In the context of post-war reconstruction and Ukraine’s economic, food and environmental security, the scientific community emphasizes the importance of studying international experience. Understanding the achievements and mistakes of other countries can make a valuable contribution to the planning and implementation of effective recovery and development strategies. While ensuring the country’s security and defense is a top priority, the article also draws attention to other essential components of national security.

Post-war economic recovery requires a careful analysis of the financial, trade, and industrial strategies of other countries that have successfully overcome similar challenges. This includes considerations such as restructuring the national debt, revitalizing the industrial base, employment policies, and developing stable economic relationships with international partners.

Food security is also of great significance and requires thorough research, especially with regard to the country’s agricultural potential and its position in international food markets. The analysis of global principles for stabilizing the food market, including agriculture, logistics, distribution, and supply, is a crucial part of the post-war reconstruction process. To successfully ensure food security, Ukraine needs to learn from the best global practices, such as diversifying logistics, optimizing the use of land resources, implementing sustainable technologies appropriate to local conditions, and guaranteeing equal access to food for all citizens.

Environmental security, one of the key challenges of the modern world, is also critical for post-war reconstruction. Considering the ecocide inflicted on the country by the war with Russia, it is essential to actively implement renewable energy sources, sustainable use of natural resources, policies to reduce harmful emissions, green development approaches, and other advanced practices that can be successfully adapted to the Ukrainian context.

To effectively restore Ukraine and ensure its economic, food, and environmental security, it is essential to study the best global practices, adapt global strategies to the local context, and take into account the country’s specific needs and circumstances. Recognizing the unprecedented scale of destruction caused by armed conflicts initiated by the Russian Federation, it is crucial to acknowledge the specificity of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine, particularly as a component of its integration into the European Union. Therefore, part of the resources accumulated through internal efforts and international assistance should be directed towards institutional reforms, actions, and initiatives, the results of which cannot be measured solely in billions of UAH or GDP growth.

Currently, it is important to focus on contemporary trends and develop new innovative industries. Experts emphasize that during the recovery process, Ukraine should strive to become an independent, modernized nation. Simply reproducing the pre-war economy will lead to decades of dependence on the agricultural and raw materials sectors, further widening the gap between Ukraine and the technologically advanced economies of developed countries.

In conclusion, studying the experiences of countries such as South Korea, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia is relevant for Ukraine in its post-war reconstruction efforts and endeavors to achieve economic, food, and environmental security. By studying and adapting the best practices from other nations, Ukraine can accelerate its development and become a modernized and stable country.