Стан та перспективи розвитку молочного скотарства

Abstract

Втрата молочних корів – це втрата стратегічних ресурсів на селі, а їх відновлення займає не один рік. Також це скорочення робочих місць на селі, ускладнення проблем зайнятості сільського населення. Тому стабілізація й розвиток молочного скотарства повинні стати важливим пріоритетом аграрної політики в нашій країні. Ситуація, яка склалася, вимагає здійснити пошук нових форм і методів господарювання, проведення відповідного реформування відносин власності, самої підприємницької структури економічних суб’єктів та оновлення основних виробничих фондів на основі передових технологій. Тільки радикальні заходи з впровадження нових технічних і технологічних рішень, сучасних виробничих процесів, здатних випускати конкурентоспроможну продукцію, дозволять товаровиробникам молочної галузі вийти з затяжної кризи та забезпечити собі гідне місце на ринку галузі.

The aim of scientific work is the development of theoretical basis and practical recommendations to ensure effective functioning of dairy cattle as a strategically important industry, as well as studying areas for the effective functioning of the industry. Purpose. The production of milk is concentrated in households, which does not allow technologically ensuring its high quality. Therefore, the main task is to develop and implement the necessary measures to increase the production of milk, reduce its cost and improve quality. Results. The development of dairy cattle in Ukraine today is included in the primary problems of national food security. Its main strategic goals are to ensure the stability of food supply during the year under different market conditions throughout the country, availability of food to all sections of the population, regardless of income. Households produce a significant quantity of milk, but they have little effect on the market and have the low competitiveness. The structure of the livestock by type of farms includes 23.3% of livestock in agricultural enterprises and 76.7% of livestock in households. It does not correspond to the current world practice of cattle breeding in developed countries of the world. Therefore, the main purpose of cattle breeding in households is to meet the need for food and to accumulate cash resources. The development of dairy cattle breeding in the private sector is hampered by both the lack of economic efficiency of the industry and its considerable capital intensity and a number of other factors. There is a need to create the economic organizations for dairy cattle breeding in the private sector. Establishment of dairy service cooperatives will reduce the cost of purchased production resources and improve their own well-being. Conclusions. In recent years, the consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of our country and their quality has decreased. It reduces its value as a food. This problem is rather urgent, as the Ukrainian dairy companies are unable to carry out production activities in the terms of modern market conditions. The revival of the dairy cattle breeding industry should be gradual and strategic, which is impossible without increasing the volume of state support for the industry, controlling the price policy of milk purchase, improving the relations between dairy producers and processing enterprises, introducing innovative technologies for growing cattle and total modernization of this sphere. Cooperation is one of the defining areas of dairy cattle development and can help to increase the level of competitiveness of the industry. Creation of dairy associations and cooperatives will allow accumulating funds and investing them in modernization of production. It will provide high quality of production and maximum return on the invested resources.