Роль кредиту в розвитку економіки України

Abstract

Кредит є важливим досягненням людства, поява та розвиток якого відбувалися на основі функції грошей як засобу обігу. Розвиток товарного виробництва та потреба в збільшені оборотних коштів виступають економічною причиною необхідності кредиту. У статті проаналізовано стан банківського кредитування України. Досліджено динаміку виданих кредитів резидентам у розрізі секторів економіки та в розрізі видів валют і строків погашення кредитів. Проаналізовано структуру виданих кредитів нефінансовим корпораціям за видами економічної діяльності. Розглянуто актуальні програми кредитування підприємств у 2020 році, які ініційовані урядом України. Встановлено основні напрями вдосконалення банківського кредитування.

It is known that credit is a significant achievement of mankind. The emergence and development of credit took place on the basis of the money function as a means of circulation. The development of commodity production and the need for increased working capital are the economic reasons for the credit need. Purpose .The aim of the article is to determine the role of bank credit in the economy of Ukraine and analysis of key indicators of credit activity. Results. The dynamics of loans to residents by sectors of the economy and the types of currencies and maturities for loans were studied. Loans issued by types of economic activity were analyzed. The current enterprise lending programs in 2020, initiated by the Government of Ukraine was considered. The main directions for improving bank lending were identified. Conclusions. Following conclusions are based on the analysis of the current state of bank lending in Ukraine: – the maximum value of loans in 2018 amounting to 1,073,131 million, and the lowest in 2012 - 815,142 million; – according to the sectors of the economy, the largest share of lending is lending to non-financial corporations (70-80% depending on the year); – over the period of lending in local currency dominated loans in foreign exception is 2015; – the structure of loans according to maturity prevails in local currency short-term loans and foreign currency structure of loans according to maturity - homogeneous; – The Cabinet of the Ministry of Ukraine introduced two programs to support small and medium-sized businesses in the country: «Available loans 5-7-9%» and the program «New Money»; For the development of bank lending and the establishment of financial stability in Ukraine should: conduct active banks to attract customers to the government lending programs, in turn, a borrower for the loan according to the program, to properly open the financial statements and maintain business activity at a high level for real bank assessment of the borrower's creditworthiness.