Стан і перспективи вітчизняної транспортної логістики

Abstract

Розглянуто значення логістики для стійкого розвитку економіки. Проаналізовано обсяги перевезення вантажів в динаміці. Встановлено, що найбільшу питому вагу займає перевезення вантажів автомобільним і залізничним транспортом. Окреслено основні специфічні завдання транспортної логістики. Розкрито проблеми транспортно-логістичної системи та можливі шляхи їх подолання. Визначено перспективи розвитку логістичних систем за умов процесів глобалізації. Встановлено, що розвиток вітчизняної транспортно-логістичної системи можливий шляхом розвитку транзитного потенціалу країни та участі у міжнародних транспортно-логістичних проектах. Визначено, що для розвитку вітчизняних транспортно-логістичних компаній перспективами можуть бути не лише використання зарубіжного позитивного досвіду, а і організація власних інкубаторів, де удосконалюються та випробуються стартапи.

With the development of competition and new forms of relations, the requirements for the quality of transport services are increasing. To meet the stated requirements, the domestic transport system needs further improvement of the logistics system. The purpose of the study is to explore the current situation and determine the prospects for the further development of domestic transport logistics. It is established that the largest part in the total volume of freight transportation is occupied by road transport. It wss determined that its volumes had increased. A similar tendency should be noted for cargo river and air transportation. Despite the relatively high tariffs compared to rail and water transport, the road transport remains the most used due to its mobility. For the period 2014-2018, the volume of transportation by rail is decreasing. The complexity of relations with the railways and the different rules for carrying out transportations on different modes of transport lead to the shipper's refusal to work with "non-motor" modes of transport not to mention their combination. The study of the current situation of national transport logistics has provided an opportunity to identify the key problematic aspects. Namely, the quality of transport service; reducing the competitiveness of domestic carriers; introduction of ecological norms of limit emissions of harmful cars’ substances; deterioration of vehicles; a troubled road fund; difficulties in organizing the interaction of several modes of transport in the implementation of the logistics chain; difficulty in constructing transportation routes; underloading of rolling stock; insufficient information support for the transportation process; lack of information on transport logistics software. The basic tendencies of development of the world logistics services market are determined. Namely, activity of client companies globalization; consolidation of logistics companies through mergers and acquisitions; the growing role of information technology in logistics; intensive development of multimodal transportations; active development of logistics outsourcing. Adaptation of the business model of transport logistics companies to rapid transformations in the logistics services market will increase the efficiency of domestic transport logistics functioning. For the development of domestic transport and logistics companies, it us worth to extand the promising areas not only using foreign positive experience, but also arranging our own incubators, where startups are perfected and tested.