Регулювання соціально-економічного розвитку сільських територій в умовах децентралізації

Abstract

Дисертаційне дослідження присвячено обґрунтуванню теоретико-методичних засад та розробці практичних рекомендацій щодо регулювання соціально-економічного розвитку сільських територій в умовах децентралізації. Визначено сутність регулювання соціально-економічного розвитку сільських територій в умовах децентралізації як сукупність правових, адміністративних, фінансово-економічних, організаційних та соціальних інструментів, що реалізуються громадами, органами державного і недержавного регулювання, які спрямовані відповідно до поточних та стратегічних цілей на розвиток сільських територій. Обґрунтовано процес розроблення та реалізації стратегії соціально-економічного розвитку сільських територій і застосування інноваційного підходу регулювання соціально-економічного розвитку сільських територій в умовах децентралізації, який передбачає розробку бренду сільської територій для підвищення її інноваційно-інвестиційної привабливості, запропоновано пріоритетні напрями забезпечення місцевого розвитку сільських територій.

The thesis research is dedicated to rationalization of theoretic – methodological basics and developing of practical recommendations concerning the regulation of socio-economic development of the rural territories under the conditions of decentralization. Rural territories play a key role in economic growth of both – the state itself, and the particular Ukrainian village as well. A decentralization reform gave rise to the formation of the competent local government in local communities – a power institution, which is the closest one to the citizen. Voluntary association of local communities let the newly formed local authorities obtain the appropriate power and resources. The author analyzed the theoretical and methodical frameworks of regulation of the socio-economic development of rural territories under the conditions of decentralization, which include the research of the theoretical bases of the concept «the development of rural territories»; construction of the rural territories development control system; methodological approaches to evaluation of the rural territories development and the analysis of its regulation. It is proved that for the determining of the essence of the concept «rural territories» it is necessary to use a number of criteria: the presence of the territory; the natural environment; the density of the settlement; the presence of the places, where the employment in agriculture prevails. In particular, the author understands the rural territories as territory-spatial systems, which appeared in the process of the social division of labor, taking into account the characteristic features of the rural way of life, the local development, reproduction of the structure of income and the institutional environment. The functioning of the united territory communities in modern conditions and their development as capable territory-spatial systems, is deeply connected with the concept «local development», which the author regards as a process of transformation of the local economy and society, oriented towards overcoming of the negative events and problems, and aimed at the improvement of the living conditions of the local population through actions, coordinated between the various local agents – social, public and private, to the efficient and sustainable use of the existing endogenous resources. The author substantiates the essence of the definition «regulation of socio-economic development of rural territories» (as a set of legal, administrative, financial-economic, organizational and social instruments, implemented by the communities, organs of state and non-state regulation, aimed at the development of rural territories, in accordance with the current and strategic goals). It was found that the positive experience of the decentralization process took place, but the newly established united territory communities have a number of unresolved issues, connected with the development of the long-term plans of the territories formation, stable providing of the state support, optimal distribution of power between the local governments and the executive authorities, distribution of functions and power between the local councils and the district administrations and the district councils of each district, on the territories of which the communities were established. The innovative character of the development of promising rural territories is based on certain principles and, includes, in particular, the branding strategy development in order to increase the investment-innovative attractiveness of the community; the use of fund-raising elements; using of possibilities of grant funding and getting concessional loans from the international partners-contributors; tendering and competitions between the business representatives, aimed at implementation of the community development projects; public involvement and support of the local initiatives concerning stable local community development. The growing importance of entrepreneurship in the local development of rural territories is a result of the constant synergy of actions of business community, authority, civil society and scientific communities. The perspective directions of the rural territories local development are the organic farming, the creation of agroclusters, enterprises for processing the agricultural raw materials and sales of finished products, agricultural service cooperatives, and also the development of non-agricultural activities, in particular, (rural) tourism.