Трудові ресурси як фактор виробництва

Abstract

Стаття присвячена трудовим ресурсам як фактору виробництва. Проведено дослідження наукових підходів до визначення поняття «трудові ресурси». Наведена класифікація трудових ресурсів відповідно до їх двокомпонентної структури. Досліджена роль та значення трудових ресурсів у виробничій діяльності підприємства. Розглянуто деякі зміни до трудового законодавства в умовах воєнного стану, у тому числі пов`язані зі скороченням тривалості відпусток, скасувань обмежень роботи у наднормований час, перенесення вихідного дня у випадку збігання святкового або неробочого дня із вихідним, скорочений робочий день напередодні святкових, вихідних та неробочих днів тощо; визначено їх вплив на ефективність використання трудових ресурсів. Визначено ризики впровадження наведених змін до трудового законодавства.

The article is devoted to labor resources as a factor of production, the study of scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of "labor resources", the classification of labor resources, the definition of changes in labor legislation and related risks of labor legislation management. Being a key factor of production, labor resources ensure the balance of the enterprise's production system, which consists of divisions that directly carry out production activities. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of labor resources as a production factor and their role in the socio-economic development of the country, region, industry, and enterprise. Results. The article examines scientific approaches to defining the concept of "labor resources", since the basis of the problem is the ambiguity of the characteristics of this category. Therefore, the article examines the concept of labor resources from the standpoint of its internal content and gives a definition that reflects the role and importance of labor resources in the development of the enterprise's economy. The classification of labor resources according to their two-component structure is given. It is noted that the classification of labor resources according to the main characteristics allows us to conclude that there is a close relationship between the levels of concentration of labor resources, both in the country, region, industry, and at the enterprise. The studied role and importance of labor resources in the production activity of the enterprise, which is expressed primarily in the fact that the increase in production and economic indicators, the quantity and quality of products, the growth of competitiveness, the sales market largely depends on the level of qualification of the employees involved in the enterprise personnel, as well as from the organization of their work, clear division of functional duties and responsibility for the result. Considered some changes to labor legislation under martial law, including those related to shortening the duration of vacations, cancellation of restrictions on overtime work, postponement of the day off in case of a holiday or non-working day coinciding with a day off, shortened working day on the eve of holidays, weekends and non-working days, etc., and their impact on the efficiency of the use of labor resources is determined. The risks of implementing the above-mentioned changes to the labor legislation, including those related to employers' abuse of new legislative norms, limiting employees' ability to support the army, and deregulation of labor relations, have been identified. Conclusions. As a result, it is stated that taking into account the needs, goals and interests of employees, despite the difficult financial situation of many Ukrainian enterprises in war conditions, is necessary not only to ensure social development, but is also an urgent need of the enterprise to create and preserve competitive labor resources, as one of the most important factors of competitiveness.