Глобалізаційні передумови транснаціоналізації світової економіки

Abstract

Обґрунтовано й узагальнено пріоритети гарантування національної безпеки держави з огляду на вплив глобалізаційних чинників, запровадження підходів до адаптації економіки країни до процесу транснаціоналізації світової економіки. Визначено основні тенденції поширення сфери дії транснаціональних компаній. Проаналізовано географію зосередження транснаціональних компаній у світі. Обумовлено наслідки глобалізаційних процесів і явищ на розвиток національної економіки держави. Визначено вагомість транснаціональних компаній у світовій економіці.

Обоснованно и обобщенно приоритеты обеспечения национальной безопасности государства, учитывая влияние глобализационных факторов, внедрение подходов к адаптации экономики страны к процессу транснационализации мировой экономики. Определены основные тенденции распространения сферы действия транснациональных компаний. Проанализировано географию сосредоточения транснациональных компаний в мире. Обусловлены последствия глобализационных процессов и явлений на развитие национальной экономики государства. Определена значимость транснациональных компаний в мировой экономике.

Globalization is a process that embodies the transformation of the spatial organization of the world and its regions, social relations and interactions measured by such indicators as: duration, intensity, speed and influence that give rise to intercontinental or interregional flows and structures of activity, interactions and manifestations at the socio-economic and ecological levels. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priorities in ensuring the national security of the state in view of the impact of globalization factors, the introduction of approaches to the adaptation of the country's economy to the processes of transnationalization of the world economy. Modern globalization of the world economy is reflected in the deepening of internationalization of production. Globalization is characterized by a positive and negative impact on different systems, an increase in the influence of the process of transnationalization. It is revealed that transnationalization is often understood by new phenomena, qualitative changes taking place in the world economy. Transnationalization is seen as a process of expanding the international activities of industrial firms, banks, service companies, and their exit from the national boundaries of individual countries, which leads to the growth of national companies in transnational. The main factors of the negative impact of TNCs on the economy of the recipient country are: the danger of introducing environmentally hazardous technologies; development of innovations in strategic enterprises of the defense industry; outflow of foreign investment due to negative macroeconomic trends; insufficient rates of development of branches of TNCs, due to the tendency to exaggerate the reaction to a possible change in market conditions. For the transnationalization of the economic sphere, the emergence and strengthening of the positions of international monopolies, transnational corporations, international financial and industrial groups, which become the owners of the internal resources of many states and form a separate international production sector, which is also based on international ownership, is characterized first and foremost. It is stated that the impact of globalization and transnationalization on the world economy is weighty and growing, which changes the approaches to doing business in all spheres. Adaptation to the transnationalization process requires active involvement of funds in the real sectors of the economy in order to increase their competitiveness. In an effort to capture the markets of TNCs, they have a significant negative impact on the national producer, with much higher competitive advantages and financial opportunities. An important role in guaranteeing the national security of the state, its adaptation to globalization processes, including through the process of transnationalization, belongs to the state administration, which serves as the basic basis for guaranteeing the interests of all subjects of the macro-environment (from households, to multinational companies) in order to obtain not only economic , but also social benefits for the society and guaranteeing its safety.

JEL Classification: Е44; F 01.